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Overview
Biomarkers are measurable indicators of biological processes or responses to interventions. Their value depends on the intended purpose and population.
All technology areas
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SCIENTIFIC TECHNOLOGY LIBRARY / 06
Biomarkers & Translational Medicine
Connecting molecular measurements to meaningful clinical questions.
Editorial review: November 202606 / 0602
Biological mechanism
Proteins, nucleic acids, metabolites, imaging data and digital signals can serve as candidate biomarkers.
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Preclinical evidence
Candidates are explored in experimental settings; analytical validity and biological variability require further evaluation.
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Human studies
Human studies distinguish analytical validity, clinical validity and context of use. FDA's qualification program evaluates biomarkers for specific drug-development uses.
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Limitations & safety
Collection conditions, assay harmonization, sensitivity and specificity, population differences and overinterpretation are major limitations.
References and further reading
This page is for scientific education, not personal medical advice, an approved-treatment claim or a product recommendation. Each source must be read within its own scope.
